Polimorfismos

Nuevos estudios de asociación genómica

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– Genome-wide association study implicates immune activation of multiple integrin genes in inflammatory bowel disease
– Exploring the genetic architecture of inflammatory bowel disease by whole-genome sequencing identifies association at ADCY7
– Genome-wide analysis of blood gene expression in migraine implicates immune-inflammatory pathways
– A missense variant in NCF1 is associated with susceptibility to multiple autoimmune diseases
– GLRB allelic variation associated with agoraphobic cognitions, increased startle response and fear network activation: a potential neurogenetic pathway to panic disorder
– Systematic Evaluation of Pleiotropy Identifies 6 Further Loci Associated With Coronary Artery Disease
– 11,670 whole-genome sequences representative of the Han Chinese population from the CONVERGE project
– Commentary: Genome-wide association study identifies 74 loci associated with educational attainment

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Buscan estandarizar interpretación de hallazgos genómicos

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2017 02 24 AJHGInterVar es una herramienta que busca facilitar la interpretación del significado clínico de las variantes genómicas en las enfermedades humanas, particularmente los trastornos del desarrollo de inicio temprano y penetrancia alta. Su descripción y validación aparecen en Li Q, Wang K. InterVar: Clinical Interpretation of Genetic Variants by the 2015 ACMG-AMP Guidelines. AJHG 2017; DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2017.01.004.

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Caracterizan mutaciones en trastornos del desarrollo

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2017 02 24 neurodevelop disordersUn extenso estudio en familias de sujetos con trastornos del desarrollo ha identificado 94 genes muy afectados por mutaciones de novo. La frecuencia de estas enfermedades ha sido estimada en 1 por cada 213 a 448 nacimientos, de acuerdo con Deciphering Developmental Disorders Study. Prevalence and architecture of de novo mutations in developmental disorders. Nature 2017; doi:10.1038/nature21062.

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Proponen estudios familiares como variante de casos y controles

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GWAXLa propuesta de emplear familiares en estudios de asociación genética para enfermedades poco frecuentes, estrategia denominada GWAX (del inglés genome-wide association study by proxy) fue evaluada en integrantes del biobanco del Reino Unido. La identificación de nuevos loci para la enfermedades de Alzheimer, arterial coronaria y la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 son hallazgos develados en Liu JZ, Erlich Y, Pickrell JK. Case–control association mapping by proxy using family history of disease. Nature Genetics 2017; doi:10.1038/ng.3766.

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Historia de la humanidad, a través de la genómica

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World historyLa historia evolutiva, las migraciones y la adaptación de los grupos humanos en las áreas de asentamiento en el planeta pueden ser reveladas a través del análisis de los genomas de las comunidades antiguas y modernas. Así se presenta en Nielsen R, Akey JM, Jakobsson M, Pritchard JK, Tishkoff S, Willerslev E. Tracing the peopling of the world through genomics. Nature 2017;541:302–310.

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Novedades en estudios de asociación genómica

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– Cyclin D1 G870A polymorphism: Association with uterine leiomyoma risk and in silico analysis
– Variants in ANGPTL4 and the Risk of Coronary Artery Disease
– El polimorfismo (CAG)n del gen ATXN2, nuevo marcador de susceptibilidad para diabetes mellitus tipo 2
– Genome-wide changes in lncRNA, splicing, and regional gene expression patterns in autism
– Genome-wide analyses for personality traits identify six genomic loci and show correlations with psychiatric disorders
– Activating NOTCH1 Mutations Define a Distinct Subgroup of Patients With Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma Who Have Poor Prognosis, Propensity to Bone and Liver Metastasis, and Potential Responsiveness to Notch1 Inhibitors
– Variation in the oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) is associated with differences in moral judgment

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Aplicaciones diagnósticas de las tecnologías de secuenciación

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– A prospective evaluation of whole-exome sequencing as a first-tier molecular test in infants with suspected monogenic disorders
– Disorders of sex development: insights from targeted gene sequencing of a large international patient cohort
– New insights into the generation and role of de novo mutations in health and disease
– Characterizing the morbid genome of ciliopathies
– Diagnostics of Primary Immunodeficiencies through Next-Generation Sequencing
– Clinical genomics can facilitate countrywide estimation of autosomal recessive disease burden

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¿Qué hacer ante hallazgos casuales sobre farmacogenómica?

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2016 12 03 PGxLa identificación de rasgos farmacogenéticos en individuos cuyo genoma es estudiado por otras causas puede requerir la información oportuna sobre los riesgos en la terapéutica administrada. El tema es abordado en Lee EMJ, Xu K, Mosbrook E, Links A, Guzman J, Adams DR, et al. Pharmacogenomic incidental findings in 308 families: The NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program experience. Genet Med 2016;18(12):1303–1307.

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Estudios de asociación genética

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– Contribution of copy number variants to schizophrenia from a genome-wide study of 41,321 subjects
– KLB is associated with alcohol drinking, and its gene product ß-Klotho is necessary for FGF21 regulation of alcohol preference
– RIT1: un nuevo gen causal del síndrome de Noonan
– Titin-truncating variants affect heart function in disease cohorts and the general population
– Variation in PCSK9 and HMGCR and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes

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Mutaciones y polimorfismos de riesgo para cardiopatías, conducta reproductiva, fragilidad cutánea y otras

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– MIPEP recessive variants cause a syndrome of left ventricular non-compaction, hypotonia, and infantile death
– Genome-wide associations for birth weight and correlations with adult disease
– Identification of genomic loci associated with resting heart rate and shared genetic predictors with all-cause mortality
– Genome-wide analysis identifies 12 loci influencing human reproductive behavior
– Stabilizing mutations of KLHL24 ubiquitin ligase cause loss of keratin 14 and human skin fragility

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