Cáncer

Controversias y debates sobre sociedad y pruebas genómicas

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FDADos artículos abordan la reciente decisión de la FDA de autorizar la comercialización de pruebas dirigidas al consumidor para el riesgo de cáncer de mama, así como de las políticas con relación a la cobertura de seguro médico para las pruebas genómicas:
– Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Testing The Implications of the US FDA’s First Marketing Authorization for BRCA Mutation Testing
– Evolving Payer Coverage Policies on Genomic Sequencing Tests Beginning of the End or End of the Beginning?

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Caracterizan mutaciones en varios tipos de cáncer

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2018 06 23 - soft tissue tumorsTres estudios han reportado hallazgos diversos en lo relativo a las mutaciones en varios tipos de tumores malignos. Vea los artículos sobre tumores de partes blandas en niños, osteoblastomas y del tracto digestivo:
– Recurrent intragenic rearrangements of EGFR and BRAF in soft tissue tumors of infants
– Recurrent rearrangements of FOS and FOSB define osteoblastoma
– Mutational signatures of DNA mismatch repair deficiency in C. elegans and human cancers

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Asociaciones, rasgos y mutaciones:

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– Genome-wide association meta-analysis highlights light-induced signaling as a driver for refractive error
– Association analyses of more than 140,000 men identify 63 new prostate cancer susceptibility loci
– Genome-wide analyses identify 68 new loci associated with intraocular pressure and improve risk prediction for primary open-angle glaucoma
– Comprehensive Cancer-Predisposition Gene Testing in an Adult Multiple Primary Tumor Series Shows a Broad Range of Deleterious Variants and Atypical Tumor Phenotypes
– Association Between Inherited Germline Mutations in Cancer Predisposition Genes and Risk of Pancreatic Cancer
– A transcriptome-wide association study of 229,000 women identifies new candidate susceptibility genes for breast cancer

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Avances notables en comprensión de tumores malignos

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2018 04 25 PanCancerEl consorcio internacional The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) ha publicado una serie de artículos tras el estudio de más de 10000 muestras de 33 localizaciones tumorales, que aporta nuevos elementos para la reclasificación y mejor comprensión de los cánceres humanos. Revise la serie, publicada en Cell como The Pan-Cancer Atlas.

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Variaciones en estudios de BRCA1/2 para cáncer de mama y ovario

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2018 04 25 BRCAUna encuesta a 86 laboratorios del mundo ha revelado que el 93 % utiliza la secuenciación masiva paralela en la pesquisa de las mutaciones de los genes BRCA1 y BRCA2 para las formas hereditarias de los tumores malignos de mama y ovario. Puede leer otros resultados en Toland AE, Forman A, Couch FJ, Culver JO, Eccles DM, Foulkes WD, et al. Clinical testing of BRCA1 and BRCA2: a worldwide snapshot of technological practices. npj Genomic Medicine 2018;3:7.

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Aplicaciones diversas de tecnologías de secuenciación

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– Papalexi E, Satija R. Single-cell RNA sequencing to explore immune cell heterogeneity. Nature Reviews Immunology, 2018;18:35–45.
– Patil VS, Madrigal A, Schmiedel BJ, Clarke J, O’Rourke P, de Silva AD, et al. Precursors of human CD4+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes identified by single-cell transcriptome analysis. Science Immunology, 2018;3(19):eaan8664.
– Tso FY, Kossenkov AV, Lidenge SJ, Ngalamika O, Ngowi JR, Mwaiselage J, et al. RNA-Seq of Kaposi’s sarcoma reveals alterations in glucose and lipid metabolism. PLoS Pathog, 2018;14(1):e1006844.

– Porubsky D, Garg S, Sanders AD, Korbel JO, Guryev V, Lansdorp PM, et al. Dense and accurate whole-chromosome haplotyping of individual genomes. Nature Communications, 2018;8:1293.
– Stancu MC, van Roosmalen MJ, Renkens I, Nieboer MM, Middelkamp S, de Ligt J, et al. Mapping and phasing of structural variation in patient genomes using nanopore sequencing. Nature Communications, 2018;8:1326.
– Shriner D, Rotimi CN. Whole-Genome-Sequence-Based Haplotypes Reveal Single Origin of the Sickle Allele during the Holocene Wet Phase. Am j Human Genetics, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.02.003.

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Nuevas variantes, mutaciones y asociaciones

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– Demenais F, Margaritte-Jeannin P, Nicolae DL. Multiancestry association study identifies new asthma risk loci that colocalize with immune-cell enhancer marks. Nature Genetics, 2017;50(1):42.
– Roberts ME, Jackson SA, Susswein LR, Zeinomar N, Ma X, Marshall ML, et al. MSH6 and PMS2 germ-line pathogenic variants implicated in Lynch syndrome are associated with breast cancer. Genetics in Medicine, 2018; doi:10.1038/gim.2017.254.
– Moreno-Moral A, Bagnati M, Koturan S, Ko JH, Fonseca C, Harmston N, et al. Changes in macrophage transcriptome associate with systemic sclerosis and mediate GSDMA contribution to disease risk. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, 2018; doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2017-212454.
– Coll F, Phelan J, Clark TG. Genome-wide analysis of multi- and extensively drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Nature Genetics, 2018; doi:10.1038/s41588-017-0029-0.

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Nuevas variantes, asociaciones y mutaciones

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– Genome-wide association study of classical Hodgkin lymphoma identifies key regulators of disease susceptibility
– Linkage, whole genome sequence, and biological data implicate variants in RAB10 in Alzheimer’s disease resilience
– Large-Scale Cognitive GWAS Meta-Analysis Reveals Tissue-Specific Neural Expression and Potential Nootropic Drug Targets
– Pan-cancer analysis of homozygous deletions in primary tumours uncovers rare tumour suppressors
– A large multi-ethnic genome-wide association study identifies novel genetic loci for intraocular pressure

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Genómica mejora diagnóstico y pronóstico de cáncer de próstata

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La secuenciación del ADN en núcleos celulares aislados de biopsias de próstata proporcionó indicadores que mostraron una mejor correlación con la estimación de la malignidad tumoral. La mayor precisión de los parámetros genómicos puede influir en la evaluación del riesgo y las decisiones terapéuticas, de acuerdo con Alexander J, Kendall J, McIndoo J, Rodgers L, Aboukhalil R, Levy D, et al. Utility of single cell genomics in diagnostic evaluation of prostate cancer. Cancer Research 2017; DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-17-1138.

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Nuevas variantes, mutaciones y asociaciones de riesgo

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– HSD3B1 and Response to a Nonsteroidal CYP17A1 Inhibitor in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
– Association of HSD3B1 Genotype With Response to Androgen-Deprivation Therapy for Biochemical Recurrence After Radiotherapy for Localized Prostate Cancer
– Heterozygous RFX6 protein truncating variants are associated with MODY with reduced penetrance
– Dose-dependent expression of claudin-5 is a modifying factor in schizophrenia
– Contribution of rare inherited and de novo variants in 2,871 congenital heart disease probands.

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